A critical review of mechanisms regulating remote preconditioning - 1 induced brain protection

3 Robert Meller, D.Phil., Roger P. Simon, MD 2 4 5 Translational Stroke Program, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 6 Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA USA 7 8 Running Title: Mechanisms of remote preconditioning 9 10 Correspondence: Robert Meller, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of 11 Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, 30310. Tele 4047565789: Email 12 [email protected]. 13 14 Abbreviations: rPC, Remote preconditioning; STAIR, The Stroke Treatment Academic and 15 Industry Roundtable; ,DPCPX, 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine; A1R, Adenosine A1 16 receptor; CCPC, 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine; SOD, Super oxide dismutase; CuSOD, 17 Copper SOD; Mn SOD, Manganese SOD; HIF-1α, Hypoxia-induced factor 1alpha; IL10, 18 Interleukin 10; TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; kATP, ATP-activated potassium channels; 19 mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin; TTC, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride; L-NAME, N Nitro 20 –LArginine Methyl Ester; NOS, Nitric oxide Synthase; ERK, extracellular signal regulated 21 protein kinase; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase, U0126, 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,422 bis(2-aminophenylthio)butadiene; LY249002, 2-(4-Morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-423 one hydrochloride. 24 Articles in PresS. J Appl Physiol (May 7, 2015). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00169.2015